The Aesthetic Images and Wonderful Meaning of ''In Praise of a Snail's Essay

The Aesthetic Images and Wonderful Meaning of ''In Praise of a Snail's pace'' - Essay Example Goodman connects with her audience through using aesthetic images and wonderful meanings as well as rhetorical devices. In order to displaw her unhappiness with today’t busy society, Goodman uses aesthetic imagery and wonderful meaningl. She offers, â€Å"There are rituals you cannot speed up without destroying them† (Goodman, A21). This tells of her sadness that anyone would think to send an emaid to a grievind widow. Through this, she sows a new thought in hee readerss minds. This is that any methoe of cold communication, â€Å"continuous partial attention† (Goodman, A21), about such an important issue would by damagind. She believes that it would not be helpful tn makg the widow feel better. Her statement about â€Å"hyperactive technology† (Goodman, A21) once again gives hee readers an image of negativity about n lifeless object. She clearly gets her point across about the dangers of e-communication with this imagery. To better reach her audience, Goodma uses rhetorical device, or which the greatest is the simile  sShe does this when she compares - condolence e-mail to â€Å"serving Thanksgiving dinner at a fast-food restaurant† (Goodman, A21). â€Å"These are rituals you cannot speed up† (Goodman, A21). The reader knows that is would be terribld to share an important dinner in such a place. She also attempt, to gaig sympathy from hee readero through the uss of slanting efforts to show her negative views about the subject. This is carried oue through thy use og quotes from Linda Stone that support her goals. Goodman also seems upbeat about possible improvements in society. â€Å"People are searching for ways to slow down and listen up† (Goodman, A21). This is a positive sign than people may be relying less and less on e-communication. When she surmises that people neet more attention these days, she is emphasizing that there is a deep need for closeness in society. By com paring attention to an

Plato vs. Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Plato vs. Aristotle Essay Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very cleverly illustrated by Raphaels School of Athens (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural sciences. In a discussion of politics, the stand point of each philosopher becomes an essential factor. It is not coincidental that Plato states in The Republic that Philosopher Rulers who possess knowledge of the good should be the governors in a city state. His strong interest in metaphysics is demonstrated in The Republic various times: for example, the similes of the cave, the sun, and the line, and his theory of the forms. Because he is so involved in metaphysics, his views on politics are more theoretical as opposed to actual. Aristotle, contrarily, holds the view that politics is the art of ruling and being ruled in turn. In The Politics, he attempts to outline a way of governing that would be ideal for an actual state. Balance is a main word in discussing Aristotle because he believes it is the necessary element to creating a stable government. His less metaphysical approach to politics makes Aristotle more in tune with the modern world, yet he is far from modern. Platos concept of what politics and government should be is a direct result of his belief in the theory of forms. The theory of forms basically states that there is a higher form for everything that exists in the world. Each material thing is simply a representation of the real thing which is the form. According to Plato, most people cannot see the forms, they only see their representation or their shadows, as in the simile of the cave. Only those who love knowledge and contemplate on the reality of things will achieve understanding of the forms. Philosophers, who by definition are knowledge lovers, are the only beings who can reach true knowledge. This concept has to be taken a step further because in The Republic, Plato states that philosophers should be the rulers since they are the only ones who hold the form of the good. Plato seems to be saying that it is not enough to know the forms of tables or trees, one must know the greatest formform of the goodin order to rule. The reasoning is: if you know the good, then you will do the good. Therefore, philosopher rulers are by far the most apt to rule. In The Republic, Plato builds around the idea of Philosopher Rulers. Even though it is not his primary point, it certainly is at the core of his discussion of the ideal state. The question that arises is, Why do you need ideal states which will have philosophers as rulers? There are many layers to the answer of this question. The first thing is that a state cannot be ideal without having philosophers as rulers. This answer leads to the question, Then why do you need ideal states to begin with? The Republic starts with a discussion of Justice which leads to the creation of the ideal state. The reason why an ideal state is needed is to guarantee the existence of Justice. This does not mean, though, that there cannot be states without Justice. Actually, Plato provides at least two reasons why the formation of a state cannot be avoided. These are: 1. human beings are not self-sufficient so they need to live in a social environment, and 2.each person has a natural aptitude for a specified task and should concentrate on developing it (The Republic, pp 56-62). Although a person is not self-sufficient, a composition of peoplea statesatisfies the needs of all its members. Furthermore, members can specialize on their natural fortitudes and become more productive members of society. States are going to form, whether purposefully or coincidentally. For this reason, certain rules have to be enacted for the well-being of the state. The main way to institutionalize rules is through government and in the form of laws. Platos The Republic is not an explication of laws of the people. It is a separation of power amongst three classesRulers, Auxiliaries, Commonersthat makes the most of each persons natural abilities and strives for the good of the community. The point is to create a harmonious unity amongst the three classes which will lead to the greater good of the community and, consequently, each individual. The three classes are a product of different aptitude levels for certain tasks amid various individuals. Plato assigns different political roles to different members of each class. It appears that the only classes that are allowed to participate in government are the Auxiliaries and, of course, the Philosopher Rulers. The lower class does not partake in politics because they are not mentally able. In other words, they do not understand the concept of the forms. Thus, it is better to allow the Philosophers, who do have this knowledge, to lead them. Providing food and abode for the Guardians is the only governmental responsibility the lower class has. The Auxiliaries are in charge of the military, police, and executive duties. Ruling and making laws is reserved for the Philosopher Rulers whose actions are all intended for the good of the state. To ensure that public good continues to be foremost on each Rulers agenda, the Rulers live in community housing, hold wives/children in common, and do not own private property. The separation of classes is understood by everybody Self-interest, which could be a negative factor in the scheme of things, is eliminated through a very moral oriented education system. All these provisions are generated to maintain unity of the state. The most extravagant precaution that Plato takes is the Foundation Myth of the metals. By making the people believe, through a myth, that the distinction of each class is biological as well as moral, Plato reassures that there wont be any disruption in the harmony of the state. Whereas Platos The Republic is a text whose goal is to define Justice and in doing so uses the polis, Aristotles The Politicss sole function is to define itselfdefine politics. Aristotle begins his text by answering the question: Why does the state exist? His answer is that the state is the culmination of natural associations that start with the joining of man and woman (pair), which have a family and form a household; households unite and form villages; villages unite and form the state. This natural order of events is what is best because it provides for the needs of all the individuals. Aristotle, like Plato, believes that a person is not self-reliant. This lack of sufficiency is the catalyst in the escalating order of unions among people. In The Politics, it appears that Aristotle is not very set on breaking down society. His argument says that there are different classes in society, but they are naturally defined. For example, he devotes a lot of time to an explanation of the naturalness of slaves and their role in society. Aristotle is also very sexist and explicitly states so. His view is that women are inferior to men in all senses. Perhaps the most pertaining to our discussion is the citizen, whose role is purely political. Both Plato and Aristotle seem to agree that some people are not capable of practicing an active role in political life. Platos reason is that the lower class is not mentally adept for the intricacies of higher knowledge on the good. Aristotle seems to base his opinion on a more political issue. He believes that only those that fully participate in their government should be considered citizens of the state. For this reason, he excludes workers as citizens because they would not have the required time to openly participate in politicking. The Aristotelian polis, as opposed to Platos, is a city with a large middle class which promotes stability and balances the conflicting claims of the poor and the rich. Aristotle combines elements of democracy with elements of aristocracy, again to balance opposing claims. Because he is aware that human interest is an inextricable entity, the distribution of scarce and valuable goods is in proportion to contribution to the good of the polis. This system provides for the self interested who believe that those who work harder should receive more. Another point is that the citizens rule and are ruled in turn, insofar as the mixed social system allows. This is permissible because of the strong involvement of the citizens in government; it is what one would call a true democracy. Overall, a spirit of moderation prevails. The philosophies of Aristotle and Plato have been around for over sixteen centuries, yet today it is difficult to find specific instances where either philosophy is applied. This may be a result of the fact that todays political philosophy differs from both philosophers. While Aristotle and Plato uphold the good of the community or state above individual good, todays constitution includes a bill of rights that guarantees the rights of each individual in the nation. Having these individual rights is a necessity for todays citizens. Going back in history to 1787 will show that one of the reasons there was controversy in the ratification of the constitution was that it did not include a Bill of Rights. When the drafters promised that as soon as the constitution was ratified, a Bill of Rights would be added, the doubting states proceeded to ratify it. According to Plato and Aristotle, a Bill of Rights is not necessary because it does not improve the good of the community. Another point of discrepancy between the philosophers and todays society involves the topic of slavery. Aristotle argues for the naturalness of slavery in The Politics, yet slavery has been considered grotesque for quite some time. In correlation to slavery, there is the undermining of the female population by Aristotle. Although Plato is a lot less discriminatory, he also believes women are the sub-species. While women have had to fight endless battles to achieve the recognition they deserve, today it is a well accepted fact (generally) that women are as capable as men in performing tasks. Naturally, since Aristotle and Plato have been around for such a long time, our society certainly contains some of their influences in a general sense. For example, today it is believed that certain people are born with certain capacities. Intelligence has been attributed to genetics. Because of the different intelligence levels among people, we have different classesfor example: advanced, intermediate, and beginners. In their appropriate level, each person develops his or her abilities to the highest potential. This concept is sometimes at odds with the ideal of equality, ie. we are all human beings. Yet, in essence, it does not take away from the ideal because we are all humans, but we differ in certain capacity levels to complete tasks. Platos and Aristotles philosophy have helped shape present thought, though, by no means, mandate our practices. The philosophers are very community oriented while we value the individual. Besides differing with todays standards, each philosopher is in his own way distinct. Plato is very attracted to metaphysical philosophy, while Aristotle is much more methodical. Both perspective views are and will continue to puzzle students for years to come.

Buffalo Creek Flood Disaster Essay -- Analysis, Emilie Durkheim

Buffalo Creek Flood Disaster Emilie Durkheim described the concepts of social regulation and social integration, and how both are connected to suicide rates. Both of these concepts can also be used to analyze the effect that the Buffalo Creek flood had on individuals and the community. Using the ideas of social regulation and social integration as well as the book â€Å"Everything in Its Path† by Kai T. Erikson, we can see the consequences of the Buffalo Creek flood disaster. Durkheim used the concepts of social regulation and social integration to analyze how social forces affect suicide. Social integration refers to how integrated a person is inside their social group, or the level of attachment a person feels toward their group (Conley 187). Social integration varies greatly from community to community and differs in degrees of member attachment. A tightly knit community, where citizens interact with each other in a variety of ways, reflects higher social integration. This can be compared to a community in which members rarely or never interact with many other community members, which reflects low social integration. According to Durkheim, two types of suicide arise from the different levels social integration. One cause of suicide is extremely low social integration, which is referred to as egoistic suicide. Durkheim argues that this is the case because others give the individual’s life meaning, so without this support from the group the person may feel hopeless (Conley 188). The other type of suicide, altruistic suicide, reflects the opposite situation: when an individual is too socially integrated (Conley 189). This type of suicide occurs when members of a group or community become so totally engrossed by the group tha... ... no rules to govern everyday life, there was no moral compass. The loss of community was acutely felt by the former Buffalo Creek residents, who had previously been a very tight knit people. This was demonstrated by the fact that post-disaster euphoria was completely absent after the flood. Usually this euphoria arises when the survivors realize that the community is still existent and alive. However in Buffalo Creek there was not a shred of community left to cause celebration. This was due in part to HUD’s housing regulations that not only worsened the feeling of isolation, but also because of the massive destruction caused by the flood itself. After the sudden and violent incident the pain of the survivors would continue far into their future. The chronic pain and suffering resulting from the loss of community and the effects of it on would linger for years. â€Æ'

Bodegas Caballe – an International Recruitment Excersise

Case Study 2: Bodegas Caballe – An International Recruitment Exercise Bodegas Caballe – An International Recruitment Exercise Dear Mr. Caballe, Dear Bodegas Caballe Selection Committee, First of all we would like to thank you for putting trustfulness in our work as newcomers in your company Bodegas Caballe. After considering the commissioning letter and the four reports we have analysed them carefully to make a reasonable choice, who is the most suitable applicant. We established the following criteria to select the best applicant for your company: Nationality, marital status, current employer and position, reason for leaving, expected salary, educational background, language skills, professional background, further information and interview assessment. We have ranked each applicant from 1 to 4 in all criteria. On top of that we have evaluated the importance of each criterion for your company. Based on this we have multiplied the ranking with the quantifier. So in the end the best possible result is 1, while 4 is the worst case. In the following section you will find the explanations for the weighting of the criteria. We evaluated the nationality and the marital status as least important, because these criteria have no significance about an applicant’s qualities. The criterion â€Å"Reason for leaving† has more importance, due to the fact that based on this point general working attitudes can be assessed early and possible problems in business relationships can be foreseen. However this should not be the most decisive factor in comparison to other criteria. Your company proposes a yearly salary of $45000 – $60000. Therefore we quantified this criterion less important, because no applicant exceeds this limit significantly. The educational background has more relevance because it offers a first sight on the applicant’s knowledge. Hence, this criterion has middle weight importance for the assessment of the applicants. The further given information and the applicants’ interview outcome are of equal importance, because they indicate more information about the applicants’ personalities and characteristics. The language skills are of crucial importance. In consequence of your expansion to Central Europe and especially Poland, we expect good communication qualities in English and Polish. The current employer and position of the applicant is weighted as a significant factor. With the aid of this information you can tell if the applicants are able to represent the company and if they have sufficient abilities in the fields of coordination and management. The most essential criterion is â€Å"Professional background†. It describes working experience, market knowledge and external relationships that are of high relevance for the applicant’s position at Bodegas Caballe. Ranking chart The chart below shows the above mentioned criteria and their weighting-quantifier. Furthermore you can see the applicants ranking for each criterion in detail. The lowest row â€Å"Total result† shows the overall ranking. Criterion |Quantifier |Boleslaw |Maria |Sergei |Stanislaw | |Nationality |2,50% |1 |2 |4 |3 | |Marital status |2,50% |4 |2 |3 |1 | |Employer & position |15,00% |2 |4 |3 |1 | |Reason for leaving |5,00% |4 |2 |3 |1 | |Salary |7,50% |4 |2 |1 |3 | |Education |10,00% |3 |2 |1 |4 | |Language skills 12,50% |1 |2 |3 |4 | |Professional background |25,00% |4 |2 |3 |1 | |Further information |10,00% |3 |2 |4 |1 | |Interview assessment |10,00% |1 |3 |4 |2 | |Total result |100,00% |2,75 |2,4 |2,875 |1,975 | Discussion of applicants The results of our assessment show a great tendency towards Stanislaw Michalski. Maria de la Garriga is ranked second with an average score of 2. 4. The third position is held by Boleslaw Piasecki with a total result of 2. 75. The least qualified applicant with a score of 2. 875 is Sergei Nikitin. In the following sections each applicant will be discussed separately. We have an overall negative impression of Sergei Nikitin. He seems to be very dissatisfied with his current employer and showed unsuitable behaviour during the interview. Although he has a good educational background and experience as a sales representative that should qualify him to realize the expansion plans in Central Europe, his company does not want him as the manager of the sales team. So there must be a reason in his attitude or work that makes him less suitable for such an important position. He has the lowest expectations of salary with $45000, however his plans to move to the United States and his American working mentality do not fit into your company. Furthermore, his language skills are not optimal for a position in Central Europe and Poland. The third ranked applicant Boleslaw Piasecki has the best language skills among the four applicants and he made a good impression during the interview your company held with him. His current employer Torum Hotel and Restaurant and his position as the Manager of Catering Services and Purchasing seem to be rather fitting for Bodegas Caballe at first sight. But his rankings in the other criteria are mostly 3s and 4s. His reason for leaving indicates that he has very high expectations of compensations from his company. Therefore he wants to earn $65000 per year, which is above your limit of $60000. On top of that he demands commission, car and expenses from Bodegas Caballe. Especially his previous education and professional background as a priest and Ph. D. in history do not lead to choosing him, because it is rather unusual for the business world. The further information given on Boleslaw shows that he has overbearing manners and irregular working attitude. Maria de la Garriga is ranked second in almost every criterion, which would be a generally good choice. Her experience and position at the University of Cracow show that she did not work in the sales of wine and spirits for the last 10 years. But during the interview she made clear that she wants move into selling, because she is tired of the academic world. Her nervousness and little signs of arrogance appear as character weaknesses that may result in problems when entering a new market and establishing business relationships. Apart from that she has good qualities in various fields. She is capable of leading projects and has achieved great management skills in her position. For example she provided other universities with training programs. Her language skills of Spanish, Russian, English and Polish and her degree in Foreign Literature and Languages are suitable for the central European region. She expects a salary of $55000 per year, which is in your proposed range of $45000 – $60000. Moreover, she established good contacts with major retailers during her activities at the University. As stated above our preferred applicant for the position as the Sales Representative is Stanislaw Michalski. Although his educational background (High-school leaving certificate) as well as his language skills are not impressive, he has reached a high position on the career ladder and seems to enjoy a quite good reputation in the market. He started with merchandising, stocking and ordering, moved into buying as Assistant Buyer and is currently the Head Buyer of alcoholic beverages. This implicates that he has been always loyal towards his company. His reason for leaving Intersection Hypermarkets is perfect for Bodegas Caballe. He wants to move to Poland together with his wife and his four kids, which indicates that family is of high importance for him. His expected salary of $60000 for this position is also your proposed limit, which should definitely not be a reason for refusal. The extended information you provided on Stanislaw makes a great impression of his character and personality. He is involved into different cultural, ethic and public organisations, which shows that he can take over responsibility and reliability. He has great knowledge of and interest in Poland, so he will have no problems communicating and working in Poland. The evaluations and recommendations stated above should only be regarded as an advice for your final decision. Depending on how the different criteria are weighted, some deviations may occur. Nevertheless we think that either Stanislaw Michalski or Maria de la Garriga are the most suitable applicants for your company and the position offered, because both applicants convince due to their skills and attitude.

How Is Degradation Effecting South East Asia Environmental Sciences Essay

IntroductionBing a tropical part, bulk of Southeast Asia ‘s member states are rich in biodiversity. Southeast Asia in general is one of the countries in the Earth that holds most of the resources. However, the rich biodiversity of the country did non vouch economic stableness ( although the part experienced economic growing in the recent decennaries ) . Apparently, it is an country which is comprised chiefly by developing states and states with flourishing population. Further, the rate of population growing in the part is comparatively high, and it ranked among the fastest turning topographic point in the universe. Hand in manus with this, is the rapid urbanisation that is taking topographic point in assorted states of the Southeast Asia. Presently the population of Southeast Asia makes the 8.7 per cent of the entire universe population, nevertheless its land district merely comprised of about 3 per cent of the whole land country of the universe. These two variables are distributed at different proportions among the states comprises Southeast Asia, and Indonesia embraces the largest part land district in the part at the same clip it is considered the biggest archipelago in universe. Therefore, it has the largest figure of human species in Southeast Asia, and fundamentally ranked 5th among the states of the universe with the highest figure of population. Furthermore, because of its archipelagic characteristic, Indonesia is bestowed with singular biodiversity both in land and marine countries[ 1 ]. The natural resources have been an of import participant to the economic development of Indonesia. However, the arresting biological wealth of state is invariably confronting sedate menace. Being situated at the Pacific Ring of Fire, it faces assorted black activities related to the motion of the Earth which threaten the being of some species in the country, but aside from this natural menace, a more terrible signifier of menace that is continuously being experienced by the country comes from human activities which led to a great magnitude of devastation natural resources in Indonesia. Too frequently, development plans of the states are made with small respects to the environment and its possible impacts and changes to the ecosystem ( Partha ; 2002 ) .. The mere ballooning of the human population is another challenge to both the economic system and the environment. With the rapid population growing of the state and altering regulations in the resource instabilities occur. And there is no better illustration of the instability that occurs between the economic system and the environment than clime alteration.[ 2 ]This merchandise of environmental debasement due to human activities desire for development resulted to extreme inundations, drouths and typhoons, which straight or indirectly affects the state ‘s economic system ( Tasaka ; 1992 ) and its people. At this point we are all cognizant that Indonesia is the top state in Southeast Asia when it comes to natural resources and biodiversity ; nevertheless it is besides the state that has the highest rate of environmental loss. In this respect this paper will show the initial reply to the undermentioned inquiries: What are the effects of environmental debasement particularly climate alteration in Indonesia? What are top beginnings of environmental debasement in the said country, and to what extent does it impact the socio-economic state of affairs of the people and the state in general? What is the current position of the environmental debasement and clime alteration in Indonesia, and how does the job of environmental impairment being addressed by the province?Different Faces of Environmental DegradationThe high quality in resources of the state, like what is mentioned above, is based on its rich environmental diverseness. However, this profusion is easy stealing off due to the environmental debasement. Therefore, twelvemonth by twelvemonth the gait of environmental debasement becomes faster than the old old ages. Long-run development of assorted resources put excessively much toll on the environment. The end for development normally clashes with the environmental rule, and this is non a state of affairs endemic in Indonesia, about all underdeveloped states is confronting the same quandary. Export Pollution During the earlier decennaries, among the several identified causes of the weakening of natural resources or environment in general is â€Å" Pollution Export † . This pollution export was introduced to the part by Nipponese industries. Two decennaries after the World War II, Nipponese industrialisation took off. This advancement nevertheless is anchored at the Swift development of heavy and chemical industry and most of their physical constructions were built in intensely populated locations. The locations of these construction triggered bitterness from the locals. Huge protest started to put in gesture in order to eliminate the constructions which protestors and civil societies claimed to hold a destructive consequence non merely to the environment but to the nearby population ( Hall, 2002 ) . In the coming of 1970 ‘s, people ‘s consciousness and concerns were heightened. Many of the local groups pressured the authorities to turn to the issue on local pollution being produced by chemical industries by taking into consideration resettlement countries of the mills both domestic and international sites. As a response of the province, industries were transferred to prefectures and some where even moved to other provinces, and Southeast Asiatic states were the 1s seen as promising locale for resettlement ( Lucas ; 1992 ) . The transportation of industries to the developing states had been easy because leaders of these states took the state of affairs as an chance for development without taking into consideration the effects to the environment. Due to this, the fact that these industries were evicted from their original locations because of the anthropogenetic pollution that it created and its negative impact to the environment were overlooked, if non deliberately neglected. With the transportation of these industries, pollution was besides transferred to the new site. One of the industries relocated in Southeast Asia, peculiarly in Malaysia and Indonesia is the International Tree Plantation ( ITP ) . This is a big graduated table plantation is consist of one assortment of works that is in demand for export. ITP vary from oil thenar plantation, pulpwood plantation, timber plantation and others. In the countries of Malaysia and Indonesia, it is either Pulpwood or Palm oil plantation that is present. Although, ITP sometimes is perceived as non destructive as compared to other signifiers of resettled industries, it still has a negative consequence on the environment. All these plantations are monoculture that tries to replace natural ecosystems which can take to negative effects on the environment and the society. Take for case the eucalyptus plantation in Indonesia, wherein it causes the lessening in H2O production and the supplanting of autochthonal people shacking in the country that was cleared for plantation. These industries are merely taking to bring forth and sell ( Lohmann ; 1999 ) . Transboundary Haze Pollution Another major subscriber to the environmental debasement in the part is transboundary pollution and it is known as haze pollution.[ 3 ]This pollution crosses lodgers of different districts. There are two common types of haze pollution, foremost is the pollution that can make topographic points through organic structures of H2O, and the 2nd type are those pollution that is being carried to different topographic points through air ( Hanim, 2002 ) . Among the types of transboundary pollution, it is air pollution that affects most of Southeast Asia. Although, marine pollution is besides a job in the country, when it comes to the consequence and how the part is being affected, it is air pollution brought more incommodiousness. Since transboundary pollution is a traveling pollution, it has the inclination of transporting the pollution off from the emitters and conveying it to the non-emitters doing the one responsible for the pollution acquire off with the effects while those who are guiltless of the dead suffer the majority of its terminal consequences. This scenario has been a perennial experience among Southeasterly Asiatic states, although here both the emitters and non-emitters suffer the consequence of the actions of the anterior entity. Transboundary haze pollution that has been experienced in this part is normally caused by forest fires in Indonesia.[ 4 ]The forest fire is normally the result of glade of the plantation countries that got out of manus and go a full blown forest fire. Although, there has been a policy that summon plantation industries non to utilize combustion in uncluttering the field, still there are still a batch of them that stick to this method because it ‘s more convenient and fast. Furthermore, with the altering clime and increasing temperature in the current clip, happenings of forest fire will be more frequent particularly if the plantation industries will go on to utilize firing a method of uncluttering the field. In connexion to this, governments identified country of Kalimantan and Sumatra as most vulnerable to forest fire because of two grounds. First, because the countries are to a great extent forested hence fire could easy eat the full wood and go forthing an undreamed sum of am endss, and 2nd, is because bulk its constituents are extremely combustible. Prior to the recent 2006 forest fire that occurred in Indonesia, it had a series of destructive forest fires in the yesteryear that made major belittling effects non merely to the people but most particularly to the economic system of the states affected. During the El Nino phenomenon on 1997-1998, the recorded worst forest fire broke off in the land of Indonesia. Total estimated damaged reached US $ 9 billion in all sectors that were affected in the state, nevertheless non included in this figure are the sum of damaged it caused to its adjacent states, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. In 2002, another forest fire occurred in Indonesia, nevertheless as compared to the earlier forest fire in 1998, this one is less aggressive and caused lesser damaged. The most recent wood fire, like what is mentioned above, occurred on October 2006 covering the hot topographic point countries of Kalimantan and Sumatra. This recent episode of forest fire even affected the Pacific Islands. The effects of forest fire as transboundary pollution are countless. The gas emanation from the burning is the ground why Indonesia is among the top ranking green house gas emitters. Each clip a wood or a plantation is cleared, dozenss of anthropogenetic gases are being release in the ambiance. These gases are major ground for planetary heating. Aside from the fatal effects of haze pollution to the environment, it besides places damaging consequence on people ‘s wellness ; moreover it disrupts the economic activities. Climate Change The issue on environmental debasement and clime alteration are inseparable. Whenever the impairment of the environment takes the spotlight, non far buttocks is the fickle shifting of planetary temperature, entangled happenings of drouth and typhoon and so many others. Scientists claim that the adhering tie between the two issues is the opprobrious human activities. Harmonizing to some bookmans, although non all of the lending factors to climate alteration are semisynthetic, comparatively immense part of it was triggered by unstoppable human activities. Take for illustration, the abovementioned wood fire. Some may reason that forest fire are non truly associated to any activities of homo, nevertheless this statement might be true in some occasions like in the times of boom storm. However, if we would analysis it deeper, the figure of boom that hits the forested country is undistinguished as compared to human-induced instances of forest fire. These issues ( environmental debasement and clime alteration ) are non confined in an country or countries entirely. Climate alteration specifically is a planetary concern and it will go on to be one. Sometimes this issue leads to the division of the universe between the South and the North The division between universe states is mark by the separation between the developed and the developing economic systems of Southeast Asia. This limit besides separates the major subscribers to climate alteration, in other words the states that emit most of the green house gases, and the states that have small part in the emanation of green house gasses, yet are most likely to super the most effects. Normally, developing states comprise the South contingent, while developed states comprise the North contingent. With this it is noticeable that developing states as a whole has a comparatively little emanation of GHG which cause clime alteration. On the other manus, developed states about occupied all the top places as provinces with the highest sum of GHG emanations. This tendency is straight relative to the sum of industrialisation that occurs in a peculiar province. In retrospect, since developed states are less industrialised in contrast to the extremely industrialised states of the North, that is why they have history for a lesser GHG emanations unlike in the instance of the ulterior group. In footings of emanation Indonesia ranks among the states with high GHG emanations. Forest fires and deforestations are the beginning of green house gases being emitted by Indonesia to the ambiance. In comparing to non-forestry emanation, forestry emanations are five times larger than emanation generated from non-forestry sector ( industrial and energy sectors ) . In the figure below, Indonesia ranked 3rd among the highest subscribers of C dioxide in the universe ( Houghton ; 2003 ) . Furthermore, deforestation and land transition are the major beginnings of emanations of ghg in Indonesia, while agricultural sector has the lowest part to the ghg and the sum accumulated by this sector is globally undistinguished.[ 5 ]Unlike in developed states wherein their chief beginning of gas emanation is from the energy sector in Indonesia, energy sector emanation is really little, nevertheless it is little yet quickly turning. In the thick of industrialisation that is go oning in the state it is the energy sector that supports the said growing, and with the rapid rate of industrialisation growing, the use of energy goes bigger every bit good ensuing to the increasing emanation of ghg by the sector.Summary of Green House Gas EmissionThis chart shows the ranking of top GHG emitters ‘ states harmonizing to the US EPA. It besides shows the dislocation o f beginnings of GHG emitted by each state.It is noticeable that some of the development states are included among the top emitter states In Indonesia forestry ( deforestation and forest fire ) is the chief beginning of GHG emanation. Figure 1 Beginning: US EPA 2006The Deterioration of the Environment and Its ImpactsEffectss of environmental debasement are extremely apparent in Indonesia. This is farther aggravated by inconsistent clime ( which is besides a merchandise of environmental debasement ) . Because of this, the country is exposed to great losingss. The combined emphasis due to the rapid population growing of its population and its physical features as an archipelagic state with a astonishing coastline put the full state in a really vulnerable terms to the impacts of clime alteration. Among the extremely affected group are the people from below poorness. Most of them shack along the unguarded countries and they besides do n't hold mechanism to accommodate to the altering state of affairs being face by the state. In the recent clip, the state has already experienced drawn-out drouths, stronger typhoons and inundations. All these are rooted to the abuse and maltreatment of the environment. In add-on, the rich biodiversity of the state is besides at hazard which may do drastic consequence on nutrient supply and security of the state. Another at hand menace to nutrient security is the clime alteration ; this might impact the activities of the husbandmans and fishermen taking to production loss. Aside from these, listed below are the other impacts derived from environmental debasement. Agriculture, Economy and Food Security, Agribusiness is a major economic sector in Indonesia. It accounts for bulk of GDP of the state, and so Indonesia relies to a great extent on the part from this sector and most of the economic systems are depending on agribusiness and natural resources. In add-on, this is besides the sector that provides most of the nutrient demands of the state. With the coming of the embracing consequence of environmental debasement, clime alteration is badly pounding agribusiness. Changes in precipitation and temperature curtail the agricultural activities because it lower dirt birthrate, shorten turning season, limits the type of harvest that can be planted, and hence put the husbandmans at the losing terminal. All these interpret to lesser output, lesser production and comparatively low income for the people involved in this economic system. Scholars stressed the high possibility of nutrient deficit because of these alterations in the usual mechanism of the environment ( Amin ; ; 2004 and Fahn ; 2000 ) . With the diminution in agricultural production, nutrient security will automatically be affected. Take for case, the 1997-1998 El Nino Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) phenomena, the event affected the length of moisture and dry seasons in Indonesia.[ 6 ]Prolonged moistures and dry seasons were experienced which caused a crisp diminution in agricultural production and brought about one of the greatest autumn in gross domestic merchandise in the past several old ages ( Lasco et al. ; 2008 ) . Just the mere hold of one month in the oncoming of rainy season during El Nino old ages decreases the production of rice by 6.7 % in west Indonesia and 11 % in East Indonesia ( Naytor et al. ; 2007 ) .The ENSO Map of Indonesia-10 months – 8 months – 6 months – 4 months – 2 months – 0 months Beginning: World Meteorological Organization Based on figure 2, the islands of Java, Bali, Komodo, Flores, Lombok, Sumbawa, Alor, West Timor, part of Sumatra, part of Sulawesi and parts of Irian Jaya experienced the longest drouth which lasted eight months during the El Nino Southern Oscillation. Figure 2. Above is a map demoing the length of dry season experienced throughout Indonesia during the happening of ENSO in 1997-1998. -10 months – 8 months – 6 months – 4 months – 2 months – 0 monthsSummary of Observed Impacts of Climate Change on Forestry Sector Climate alteration Observed impacts Increasing temperature – Increased frequence of forest fires every bit good as country of burnt woods – Increased plague and disease infestation in woods Variability in precipitation ( including El Nino Southern Oscillation ) – Increased forest fire, and pest and disease infestation due to drought – Change in precipitation form, impacting endurance of seedlings and saplings – Increased dirt eroding and debasement of water partings due to intermittent drouth and implosion therapy – Increased population of invasive works species Sea degree rise – Loss of Rhizophora mangle woods due to progressing sea degrees Beginnings: Boer and Dewi ( 2008 ) , Cuong ( 2008 ) , Ho ( 2008 ) , Jesdapipat ( 2008 ) , Perez ( 2008 ) .Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture SectorClimate alteration Observed impacts Increasing temperature – Decreased harvest outputs due to heat emphasis – Increased livestock deceases due to heat emphasis – Increased eruption of insect plagues and diseases Variability in precipitation ( including El Nino Southern Oscillation ) – Increased frequence of drouth, inundations, and tropical cyclones ( associated with strong air currents ) , doing harm to harvests – Change in precipitation form affected current cropping form ; harvest turning season and sowing period changed – Increased overflow and dirt eroding caused diminution in dirt birthrate and accordingly harvest outputs Sea degree rise – Loss of cultivable lands due to progressing sea degree – Salinization of irrigation H2O affected harvest growing and output Beginnings: Boer and Dewi ( 2008 ) , Cuong ( 2008 ) , Ho ( 2008 ) , Jesdapipat ( 2008 ) , Perez ( 2008 ) .Summary of Observed Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal and Marine ResourcesClimate alteration Observed impacts Increasing temperature – Increased coral bleaching and devolution of coral reefs Variability in precipitation ( including El Nino Southern Oscillation ) – Increased loss of land due to eroding and implosion therapy of coastal countries – Increased harm from inundations and ramp rush including harm to aquaculture industry Sea degree rise – Accelerated salt H2O invasion inland Beginnings: Boer and Dewi ( 2008 ) , Cuong ( 2008 ) , Ho ( 2008 ) , Jesdapipat ( 2008 ) , Perez ( 2008 ) . Beginning: Taken from Asian Development Bank Indonesia gets hotter than of all time Annual temperature in Indonesia has been increasing as observed by scientists. During 1990 ‘s until the first twosome of old ages of 2000, temperature in the state has a hiting up tendency by 0.3 grades Celsius. This form of addition has been consistent throughout the decennary, although there were times that the addition is a small spot below or above that the expected temperature. However, the greatest divergence of expected heating of temperature happened during the 1998 which coincide with ENSO. The addition in temperature about reached 1 grade Celsius which was manner higher than any addition in temperature in the span of three decennaries ( 1961-1990 ) . That was the hottest twelvemonth in Indonesia in a century ( Climatic Research unit-WWF ; 2006 ) . For the following decennary, Indonesia is anticipating a greater addition in temperature throughout the state because of extra consequence of clime alteration. From 0.3oC annual addition in the old decennaries, in 2020 Indonesia ‘s temperature will increase at the rate of 0.36 grades Celsius up to 0.47 grades Celsius. In the projection done by Susandi ( 2007 ) below, the southeasterly portion of the Moluccas Island and the island of Kalimantan will see the highest temperatures. Beginning: Taken from World Bank and Department for International Development Report Figure 3. Projected Average Temperature by Year 2020 The addition in temperature has direct and indirect effects on agribusiness, forestry and marine sectors. The forestry sector has experienced greater episodes of forest fire due to the rise of temperature. This was proven by the important addition of countries burned during the El Nino. During the series of El Nino phenomenon dated 1982-1983, 1994 and 1997-1998 a sum of 13.5 million hour angle of wood had been burned Murdiyarso and Adiningsih ; 2006 ) . Forest fire triggered by lifting temperature ( climate alteration ) and/or by human activities is damaging to human. Health jobs arise from this event and aside from which, it besides affects the economic system. In Marine sector, the most prevailing consequence of warming of temperature in Indonesia is coral bleaching.[ 7 ]Presently, in the survey conducted on coral reefs a really little part, 6 % , of the state reefs remain at an first-class status while the largest ball, 70 % , of the coral population are classified under carnival to hapless status and 24 % are in good status ( Johns Hopkins University 2003 ) . Majority of coral population under the class of just to hapless were bleached. This state of affairs decreases the marine biodiversity and marine resources. Sea Level Rise

The History of How Time Zones Came to Be

The History of How Time Zones Came to Be Prior to the late nineteenth century, time keeping was a purely local phenomenon. Each town would set their clocks to noon when the sun reached its zenith each day. A clockmaker or town clock would be the official time and the citizens would set their pocket watches and clocks to the time of the town. Enterprising citizens would offer their services as mobile clock setters, carrying a watch with the accurate time to adjust the clocks in customers homes on a weekly basis. Travel between cities meant having to change ones pocket watch upon arrival. However, once railroads began to operate and move people rapidly across great distances, time became much more critical. In the early years of the railroads, the schedules were very confusing because each stop was based on a different local time. The standardization of time was essential to efficient operation of railroads. The History of the Standardization of Time Zones In 1878, Canadian Sir Sandford Fleming proposed the system of worldwide time zones that we use today. He recommended that the world be divided into twenty-four time zones, each spaced 15 degrees of longitude apart. Since the earth rotates once every 24 hours and there are 360 degrees of longitude, each hour the earth rotates one-twenty-fourth of a circle or 15 degrees of longitude. Sir Flemings time zones were heralded as a brilliant solution to a chaotic problem worldwide. United States railroad companies began utilizing Flemings standard time zones on November 18, 1883. In 1884 an International Prime Meridian Conference was held in Washington D.C. to standardize time and select the prime meridian. The conference selected the longitude of Greenwich, England as zero degrees longitude and established the 24 time zones based on the prime meridian. Although the time zones had been established, not all countries switched immediately. Though most U.S. states began to adhere to the Pacific, Mountain, Central, and Eastern time zones by 1895, Congress didnt make the use of these time zones mandatory until the Standard Time Act of 1918. How Different Regions of the Word Use Time Zones Today, many countries operate on variations of the time zones proposed by Sir Fleming. All of China (which should span five time zones) uses a single time zone eight hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (known by the abbreviation UTC, based on the time zone running through Greenwich at 0 degrees longitude). Australia uses three time zones its central time zone is a half-hour ahead of its designated time zone. Several countries in the Middle East and South Asia also utilize half-hour time zones. Since time zones are based on segments of longitude and lines of longitude narrow at the poles, scientists working at the North and South Poles simply use UTC time. Otherwise, Antarctica would be divided into 24 very thin time zones! The time zones of the United States are standardized by Congress and although the lines were drawn to avoid populated areas, sometimes theyve been moved to avoid complication. There are nine time zones in the U.S. and its territories, they include Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii-Aleutian, Samoa, Wake Island, and Guam. With the growth of the Internet and global communication and commerce, some have advocated a new worldwide time system.

Free Essays on Overcoat By Gogol

A Revolution through Literature Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol’s The Overcoat is a humanitarian and mystical short story about the dreary life of a low class man. Akaky Akakievich is a forlorn copying clerk in a stuffy government office. He is wholly devoted to his routine and monotonous copying, so much so that the continuous mocking and ridicule in the office do not keep him away from his work. Akaky orders a new overcoat after saving and making other privations. He lavishes attention on it, selects the color and the fabric out of love and longing, and waits desperately for its completion, only to have it stolen off his back the first day he wears it. This literal level of the story is full of images and symbols which have a latent meaning that Gogol is trying to communicate. In The Overcoat he contrasts meekness and humility of the normal man with rudeness of the so called ‘important personage’. He gives a satirical narration of the Russian bureaucracy, and criticizes and protests against the cat egorization of each person by rank and the behaviors set for each rank. Akaky himself is really an excuse for the writer to describe in some detail the bureaucracy itself, which means that the background and setting are not implied but may be as important to the significance of the story as Akaky is himself. He is the little man crushed by the economic and political injustice. The focus of this story, apart from Akaky, is his new overcoat. The overcoats in this story signify rank. The rich have marten and silks on their coats to show their rank while the poor make do with other materials. Akaky’s old coat is referred to as the dressing gown by the other clerks who make fun of him. He is looked down upon, ignored and mistreated. But when he gets his new coat the same staff congratulates him and accepts him. They act as if he has been promoted and the new overcoat signifies this rise in stature. New doors open up for him and he is invit... Free Essays on Overcoat By Gogol Free Essays on Overcoat By Gogol A Revolution through Literature Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol’s The Overcoat is a humanitarian and mystical short story about the dreary life of a low class man. Akaky Akakievich is a forlorn copying clerk in a stuffy government office. He is wholly devoted to his routine and monotonous copying, so much so that the continuous mocking and ridicule in the office do not keep him away from his work. Akaky orders a new overcoat after saving and making other privations. He lavishes attention on it, selects the color and the fabric out of love and longing, and waits desperately for its completion, only to have it stolen off his back the first day he wears it. This literal level of the story is full of images and symbols which have a latent meaning that Gogol is trying to communicate. In The Overcoat he contrasts meekness and humility of the normal man with rudeness of the so called ‘important personage’. He gives a satirical narration of the Russian bureaucracy, and criticizes and protests against the cat egorization of each person by rank and the behaviors set for each rank. Akaky himself is really an excuse for the writer to describe in some detail the bureaucracy itself, which means that the background and setting are not implied but may be as important to the significance of the story as Akaky is himself. He is the little man crushed by the economic and political injustice. The focus of this story, apart from Akaky, is his new overcoat. The overcoats in this story signify rank. The rich have marten and silks on their coats to show their rank while the poor make do with other materials. Akaky’s old coat is referred to as the dressing gown by the other clerks who make fun of him. He is looked down upon, ignored and mistreated. But when he gets his new coat the same staff congratulates him and accepts him. They act as if he has been promoted and the new overcoat signifies this rise in stature. New doors open up for him and he is invit...

Should I Drop Off My Resume In Person

Should I Drop Off My Resume In Person You see a job advertisement online, and it suits you to a T. You could do the job with one hand tied behind your back, you’d enjoy the work, and it’s at a company you’ve always admired. And, as it turns out, the company is located just down the street from you. Although the post directs you to upload your resume, why not take a trip over to the company’s office, ask for the corporate recruiter, and hand them the resume?It’d be great! Why wouldn’t they want to meet you? You’d be a perfect fit for the job, and they’d know- on the spot, no less!- that they could end the search right here and now!Unfortunately, things are a bit more complicated. Showing up unannounced with your resume could cause you more harm than help.In the days before everybody had email and the internet (think: the 1990s), if you were interested in a job you saw in the newspaper (!) you’d print up a resume and a cover letter on nice stationery and drop i t in the mail. That meant that from the day a job was posted to receiving the first resume, it was usually a few days before a recruiter would get anything in the mail. So, if you showed up with a resume the day a job opening was published in the paper, there was the possibility the recruiter and the hiring manager were itching to get the job filled. It showed that you were a motivated job seeker with spunk.In fact, this was how my wife snagged her first job when we moved to Miami. An editor and a journalist, she ran in to drop off a resume to a magazine publisher that was preparing to open up a new editor’s job. She gave them the resume, they handed it to the publisher, and within a few days she had an interview and then a job offer. She spent the next nine years at that magazine.It doesn’t work that way anymore. Generally speaking, it is now not considered a welcome gesture for a job seeker to drop off a resume at an employer for a professional-level role.Whatâ€℠¢s changed? Basically, the entire recruitment and hiring process. This shift was enabled by two factors:First, email. This change allowed job seekers to send a resume to somebody at a company instantaneously. The person receiving the email could check out the applications at their convenience, but still much more quickly than a resume sent by traditional mail.Second, online job applications. This started with job boards like TheJobNetwork or LinkedIn, but grew into several other job portals. Then applicant tracking systems (ATS’s) came along. These are software applications recruiters use to collect, sort, and process resumes; once these systems were implemented, they also enabled companies to build out their own job pages on their websites, where they could collect resumes directly through their system.As these systems arose, many companies got rid of â€Å"employment centers† where they would take walk-in applications of job seekers. Some companies still operate walk -in employment centers, but they’re primarily directed at finding manual or hourly labor, where job seekers wouldn’t traditionally have a resume they could email (if the employer does run one of these, by all means feel free to stop by).Here are of the main three reasons why it’s a bad idea for a job seeker to drop off a resume:The recruiter’s job is now database and systems driven. They’re managing massive amounts of data- it’s not unusual for a recruiter to collect thousands of resumes through their ATS, which assists them in prioritizing job seekers based upon fit. Since the process is all digital, presenting a paper resume (without uploading it into the system first) is presents an inconvenience that needs to be scanned, entered, and prioritized.It’s an interruption for the recruiter. A recruiter’s day is typically filled with candidate sourcing activities, phone screens, in-person interviews, meetings with hiring managers, strategic projects, and other activities. In other words, they’re really, really busy. And here’s the conundrum; companies and recruiters are very sensitive to the customer experience for job applicants. They want the employer to be perceived as an employer of choice, and so while it may disrupt the recruiter’s day to drop what they are doing and meet candidates who show up unannounced, they may still greet them in order to provide a positive experience so no one feels snubbed by the company. But, the recruiter may actually resent it, hurting your chances in the long run.Showing up is outside the process the company asked you to follow. Employers like to hire people who demonstrate a propensity for following directions. It’s highly likely the employer asked job seekers to apply online; conversely, it’s highly unlikely they asked job seekers to show up unannounced. It’s a strike against your ability to follow directions from Day 1.What shoul d you do if you feel you’re the perfect candidate and you want to make a positive impression and stand out?Apply online first- promptly. Yes, it’s a pain, but go online to the company’s website, upload your resume, fill out those boxes, and respond however the online job ad requires. Doing as you’re asked shows you respect the company’s processes- and their employees’ time. Besides, the company representatives will likely send you back to this step at some point anyway, so why not get ahead of it?Reach out to an appropriate contact online. There is nothing wrong with finding the recruiter or hiring manager and sending them a brief note via email or through LinkedIn. A well-placed, well-timed note (indicating that you’ve already applied online, of course) can often elicit a positive response from the recipient if you’re a good fit. And they can review it and respond to it on their own time, rather than when you show up.Leverage your network. Do you know somebody who works at the company? Ask them to put in a good word and route your resume on your behalf. They may have the inside track on the opportunity, and a respected referral source is usually held in high regard by a human resources department.One more thing: Should you feel vitally compelled to drop off a resume at that company, just leave it with the front desk. Don’t ask for the recruiter to come out and meet you. They’ll get the resume anyway- the receptionist will give it to them.Scott Singer is the President and Founder of Insider Career Strategies LLC, a firm dedicated to guiding job seekers and companies through the job search and hiring process.  He is a Human Resources professional and staffing expert with almost two decades of in-house corporate HR and staffing firm experience, and is a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and Certified Professional Career Coach (CPCC).Insider Career Strategies offers a free resume re view. You can email Scott at scott.singer@insidercs.com, or via the website, www.insidercs.com.

Finance analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance analysis - Essay Example In this study, it was required to compute the Net Present Value of a project for a given company and make a recommendation on whether the project is worthwhile or not. The NPV of a project is the difference between the present values of its cash inflows and its cash outlays. The NPV technique makes use of the discounted cash flow method and discounts the cash flows at the rate of the cost of capital (Smart & Megginson, 2008, p. 261). Additionally, this paper includes designing a capital budgeting model that can be used to evaluated similar projects. Research on Model Design The conventional use of financial models is to evaluate the financial feasibility of a proposed investment. Such models can be utilized to investigate the various investment alternatives that are available, in order to choose the most viable one. Generally financial models are designed to assess a particular capital budgeting project. Capital budgeting choices are supposed to be based on cash flows, instead of acc ounting profits. Additionally it is the incremental cash flows that are applicable. In general, a project is undertaken if the NPV of the incremental cash flows generated from it is found to be positive. However, there may be instances when a Company has multiple projects to choose from but due to budget constraint, the firm’s management might not be able to select all the projects that have a positive NPV. In such cases, the projects having higher values of NPV are opted over those which have inferior NPV values. When the projects are mutually exclusive, the one having the highest NPV is chosen and the others rejected (Gallagher & Andrew, 2007, p. 270). It is known that spreadsheets are suitable and very useful device that are utilized in the assessment of capital projects. The most common methods used in these models are the NPV and the IRR, though other methods like payback period and accounting return are also used. The review of literature revealed that the most popular and publicly available capital budgeting models were the one created for assessing investments in forestry. Some of these models comprise of the FARMTREE model, Agro Forestry Estate model, Australian Farm Forestry Financial Model and the Australian Cabinet Timbers Financial Model (Dayananda et al, 2002, pp. 237-240). These models are designed to evaluate forestry investments and owing to their large scale and exclusive requirement are complicated in nature. On the other hand, the model prepared for the appraisal of the MP3 player project has been built according to its customized requirements and hence best suited. This model is user friendly and even a layman would be comfortable using it for appraising similar projects. The model has been so created, that even if the input variables and the associated relationships are changed, the model would be able to accommodate the changes. Capital Budgeting Model and the explanation of the Outputs For the calculation of the NPV of the new MP 3 player production project that is being considered by the Company, it is crucial to determine the cash flows related to the project. The cash flows can be grouped as follows: Initial capital outflow Operating cash flow during the project’s life (in this case: 5 years) Cash flow during the terminal year of the project The initial capital outflow of the company included the training cost, the retirement package, the working capital requirement and the equipment cost, i.e. $158,701,000. The components of the operating cash flows in the next five years have

How Society was Developed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Society was Developed - Essay Example The norms can vary from one society to the other. When we were born, we found the society following the laws and it is our mandate to follow these laws. Therefore, we can ask ourselves how the society was formed from the ancient times until we are not following the suit. Most of our ancient leaders like Plato and Confucius can help us understand how the societies were developed. Some other leaders also like Moses and Hammurabi can help us in explaining how the laws were made until people in the society will adhere to them. Views from these prominent leaders therefore, will help us understand how the society was developed. Since the society cannot progress without some stated laws, the leaders’ views will also help us in determining how the laws were used to govern people in the society. According to Plato and Confucius, there were many factors that helped in creation of the society. These two well-known scholars had similar opinions on how the society was formed. On the other hand, the two leaders also had different opinions on the same issue on creation of the society. Similarities in their opinions were because they both had same occupation, teachers, in their lifetime. The differences might have been caused by the different backgrounds in which each of the leaders was brought up in (Wolf, 2005). Confucius is one the well-known Chinese philosophers in history. He was both an educator and a philosopher (Wolf, 2005). Through his education, he was able to influence many people and students in the East Asia. His teachings were very influential more especially to his students. He taught for most of his lifetime. His family was very poor and his father died when he was just 3 years old. He also lost his mother when he was seventeen. Due to her poor background, he was not able to support himself in terms of education. He was forced to have private education. These challenges made him work harder in order to achieve his goals in education. He familiarized hims elf with reading, writing, music and art. Later, his life changed when he was employed as a teacher. On the other, Plato was born into a well-established family. His parents were related to the sixth century kings. He did have to struggle in life Confucius. He spent most of his time teaching in his academy. He taught the youth on matters concerning society ethics and government control. However, these two philosophers have some views on the way the societies were developed during the World Civilization of 1500 (Wolf, 2005). They have similar belief on how societies were developed in the ancient times. They both believed that, for a society to be developed, superior leaders must come together. These two leaders must possess superior wisdom and virtue. Plato and Confucius challenges Hammurabi’s idea of using law to develop a society. They claim that these laws create greed in the society instead of creating harmony. They believe in harmony and peace in the society. They argue t hat moral truth is practiced by everyone in the society. They discourage the self-government form of society because their main focus is on the individuality. Both Confucius and Plato believed that intelligence and virtue are the most important factors that can be used in developing the society. From Confucius point of view, he argues that anyone who has gone to school and has gained some knowledge has the chance of ruling the society. From Plato’s view, he said that not everyone who was educated was able to rule the society. He

Accountability of Registered Nurses in Delegating Care Essay - 1

Accountability of Registered Nurses in Delegating Care - Essay Example Furthermore, errors committed in giving health care will be minimized if not avoided because of mastery of the skill to the tasks that has been designated to the assistants. In everything that has been done, it is the patient’s best interest that is taken into account. A patient has put the trust in our hands for us to deal and treat his disease, thus it is just necessary to return the trust and be their advocates in promoting their well-being. In this text, support workers are team members whom tasks are delegated to by the registered practitioners. Support workers may represent health care assistant, rehabilitation assistant or technician, therapy assistant, assistant practitioner or technical instructors. Registered practitioner on the other hand pertains to a registered professional who usually delegates the task i.e. the Health Professions Council (HPC) or the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (CSP, 2006). The health care practitioners are bound within the scope of both the criminal and civil courts so as to assure that what they are doing are within the limits of legal requirements especially since they are dealing with human life. Registered health care providers are responsible to their acts of health practice and patient care thus must conform to the conditions and terms set by the regulatory and professional bodies. Currently, heath support workers do not have professional registrations (Department of Health, 2004; Scottish Executive Health Department, 2004).

Sustainable Water Use in Australia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sustainable Water Use in Australia - Assignment Example The South Western parts of Australia are the driest parts, which experience varying climatic conditions. In addition to the global climatic change, variability in rainfall in these regions poses a significant challenge towards achieving sustainability in the usage of water. The irrigation methods used by farmers consume a lot of water resulting in water deficits in towns. Due to the increased demand for Australia’s food exports, farmers tend to exploit the water resources to the fullest. Therefore, the fact that some parts of the continent have inadequate water resources makes it hard for the entire continent to achieve sustainability in water usage. In the attempts to ensure adequacy of water in all areas, some politicians in Australia have hindered the achievement of water use sustainability. The political climate, in this case, is created and facilitated by the actors (politicians) who want to protect their interests and stay in power (Filho 2012, p. 243). Â  Another signi ficant challenge to the sustainable use of water is population growth. Most people living in rural areas, as well as urban centres, use water for domestic and industrial purposes. Thus, the increase in population raises the demand for water from the scarce water resources such as rivers and lakes. Population growth is usually associated with environmental pollution and degradation. An increase in the number of people in a certain area without an equal increase in water provision results to over-exploitation of water resources.

(one of the senses and memory) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(one of the senses and memory) - Essay Example They are all equally necessary and without one, the others would have a difficult time functioning. Together with providing inputs for perception, senses also help in bringing back memories that we often have difficulty remembering. Certain senses are more dominant than others in this aspect for some people, but the general population has reported that it was the smell of a certain object that brought back the memories in a more vivid way. I have discovered that whenever I catch a certain smell, it brings back memories associated with it. Hearing and tasting also help, but none of them come close to smell. Sometimes I even find myself tracking a scent I may have caught. Once I catch it, I just feel like staying there all day. These smells remind me of my childhood mostly, and places that I went with my parents while a kid, memories I deeply treasure. When I was a preschooler, my family was fond of visiting our grandmother’s home in the country. This was far from the city. We w ould find life there completely different. In contrast to the fast, noisy city life, the country was quiet, relaxed, and peaceful. I enjoyed it there. My brother and I would run around in the big plantations together with our cousin and play near the river. The scents of nature all around together with the sound of birds singing was so soothing. We would then walk through the forest of tall trees in the late afternoon before going home. The smell of these trees is strong at this particular time. And I have never seen or smelled these trees in any other place I’ve been to except my grandmothers compound. Now that I’ve been away from my country for over a decade, I had completely forgotten about it, until recently when I was able to go back and visit again. After eleven years of absence the sight of those trees surprised me and brought back old memories of my innocent childhood, but that was nothing compared to the smell they produced. The moment I caught it, a flood of memories just swept me back which left me in tears. Since then, I terribly miss my grandmother’s house because I have linked that smell with it. You may ask why smell is considered the most dominant in bringing back memories. The answer is not so simple. Because the olfactory bulb is part of the brain’s limbic system, an area so closely associated with memory and feeling, smell can call up memories and powerful responses almost instantaneously. That’s why it is sometimes called the â€Å"emotional brain†. Inside your nose, about the level of your eyes, is a small patch of tissue containing millions of nerve cells. The odor receptors, or senses, lie on these nerves. Each receptor recognizes several odors, and likewise, a single odor can be recognized by several receptors. The process that takes place is quite complex. After an odor molecule enters the nose and is recognized by the olfactory sensors, the signal is eventually sent to the olfactory bulb that is located right above the eyes. The signals only go to two areas in the olfactory bulb, and signals from different areas are targeted to different spots that then form a sensory map. From there, the signals reach the olfactory area of the cortex, which is also responsible for sensing smell. The limbic system, considered the primitive part of the brain, includes areas that control emotions, memory, and behavior. So it is no surprise why this particular sense defeats the others in this

Sustainable Water Use in Australia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sustainable Water Use in Australia - Assignment Example The South Western parts of Australia are the driest parts, which experience varying climatic conditions. In addition to the global climatic change, variability in rainfall in these regions poses a significant challenge towards achieving sustainability in the usage of water. The irrigation methods used by farmers consume a lot of water resulting in water deficits in towns. Due to the increased demand for Australia’s food exports, farmers tend to exploit the water resources to the fullest. Therefore, the fact that some parts of the continent have inadequate water resources makes it hard for the entire continent to achieve sustainability in water usage. In the attempts to ensure adequacy of water in all areas, some politicians in Australia have hindered the achievement of water use sustainability. The political climate, in this case, is created and facilitated by the actors (politicians) who want to protect their interests and stay in power (Filho 2012, p. 243). Â  Another signi ficant challenge to the sustainable use of water is population growth. Most people living in rural areas, as well as urban centres, use water for domestic and industrial purposes. Thus, the increase in population raises the demand for water from the scarce water resources such as rivers and lakes. Population growth is usually associated with environmental pollution and degradation. An increase in the number of people in a certain area without an equal increase in water provision results to over-exploitation of water resources.

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Ethics - Assignment Example gher standard of behavior by society, because they are stewards of the public trust and are empowered to apply force and remove constitutional privileges when lawfully justified† (Gleason). Police does not only take an oath of protecting the nation, but is also expected to adhere to the highest standards of ethics and respect the laws they enforce upon others. Proper ethical training helps the police recognize ethical dilemma, identify solutions, select the most appropriate solution from among a range of options, take prompt action, and take responsibility for the consequences. There are certain strategies that the police leaders can adopt to instill ethics in the organization. (Zuidema and Duff) highlight some of them; The police leaders should make the ethical behavior a necessary part of the organization’s mission and values. These values include but are not limited to leadership, dedication, and professionalism. This way, it becomes more convenient for the employees of the police department to recall the terms since they are part of in the organization’s initials. The best way to achieve this effect is to display the values of ethical behavior for the officers and the community members on the brochures, website, and cars used by the organizational personnel. The police leaders should emphasize upon the ethical behavior in such organizational events as meetings and sessions of training and skill development. Inviting the sworn officers of law enforcement at all public ceremonies held by the organization to recite the oath of honor can be a potential way to achieve this. Police departments can also place emphasis on the ethical behavior in the philosophy of their organization. For example, the officers may be granted the power to solve problems individually and make the required decisions in mutual consensus with the citizens. If the officers are granted this right, this would not only make them more particular about the ethical concerns and implications

How Africans Americans Have Worked to End Isolation Essay Example for Free

How Africans Americans Have Worked to End Isolation Essay Africans had fought very hard to obtain equal rights in the United States. After the civil war the country begin their journey in America History with period known as Reconstruction (Bowls 2011, 1. 1). There are several reasons why the nation went to war, and one of the most important was the right to continue the practice of slavery. From 1865 to the present, African Americans have worked to end their isolation through legislation, protest, and major contributions to society. In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation. This proclamation did not free the slaves but it was the first step toward making this a reality (Bowles, 2011, 1. 1). The proclamation would only apply only to states in rebellion. The Emancipation proclamation is one of those stupendous facts in human history with marks not only an era in the progress of the nation, but an approach in history of the world (Journal of Blacks pg. 108-109). The civil war did not bring an end to racial hatred and violence in the south. Neither military leaders nor politicians can change the ingrained cultural beliefs of the people (Bowles, 2011 1. para10). After 1865 slavery could no longer structure relations between the races (1999, Segregation and Desegregation). The Black Codes codified some of these feelings when 1865 southern states government created legislation that restricted and control the lives of the ex-slaves (Bowel 2011 1. 1 para10). The Black Codes restricted African Americans to married other than their own race, they could not carried guns, they could only work on farms, and if they did not follow this rules they could put in jail or put them to enforced work which was the same as slavery (Bowles, 2011 1. para10). The president at the time supported this codes which made more difficult the lives of the ex-slaves. Meanwhile, many blacks who enlisted in the military encountered blatant discrimination while in the service and, them after risking their lives for the preservation of the free world, retuned to a society that continued to deem them second-class citizens (Levy, 1998). The only significant racial reform enacted by the federal government in the decade after the end of World War 11 was the desegregation of the armed forces order by President Truman in 1948. To some blacks, even this represented a pyrrhic victory (Levy, 1948). African Americans also suffer from segregation. â€Å"Segregation; is the practice by law or custom, of separating groups, spatially according to race, class, or ethnicity† (Segregation and Desegregation, 2001). Racial segregation began after the end of slavery, when new laws barred blacks from many occupations, restricted voting rights, and designated separate public facilities for black and white populations (Segregation and Desegregation, 2011). Segregation existed somewhat differently in the North and the South of the country. Different conditions in the North and South led to different kinds of social organization among African communities (Segregation and Desegregation, 2011). â€Å"Segregation in a legal sense began with laws separating blacks and whites in education† (Segregation, 2010). Although blacks paid taxes as whites, they did not receive funding for their schools and they had to rely on church and missionary organizations to create their own schools (segregation, 2010). A law that emerged was separate facilities for blacks in all areas, assigning African Americans a separate and degraded status in transportation, dining, places of entertainment, and even in cemeteries (Segregation, 2010). The customs and laws associated with segregation created a deeply entrenched culture of white supremacy, which radicalized every aspect of life in the South. The laws prevented blacks and whites from joining together in union meetings, political-reform organizations, or on a social level, thus creating a one-party (Democratic) â€Å"solid South† impervious to change. African Americans continually resisted segregation and white supremacy but with few Southern white allies (Segregation, 2010). The Civil Right Movement The biracial system in the South kept many African Americans impoverished and disenfranchised, it also created conditions that facilitated the development of a strong black middle class and cultural institutions. Black schools and especially the black church enabled the development of African American leadership, and became the base of the Civil Rights Movement. In the North, however, were run by white teachers and administrators and did not foster racial pride as many did in the South. For Northern blacks, then, civil rights issues focused on discrimination and unequal access rather than formal desegregation. In the South, the Civil Rights Movement focused primarily on ending segregation (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). The Civil Rights Movement emerged in the 1950s, when the number of middle-class and skilled blacks was almost forty percent of the Southern black population. The earliest victory came in 1954, when the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education, that racially â€Å"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal† (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). The following year the court ordered that African Americans can attend to white school. The school systems did not accepted this and reacted with violence that the federal military often had to go to the schools and protect the black children who attempt to attend school (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Because of this events the â€Å"Court-ordered desegregation prompted â€Å"white flight† from public schools in many areas, as families with the financial resources to do so enrolled their children in private schools or moved to mostly-white suburban school districts† (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a middle-aged black seamstress boarded a Montgomery, Alabama bus to take her home. Several stops later the bus driver requests her to give up her sit to a white passenger. She refuses, the bus driver called the police and she was arrested. At the Police Station she told the officer â€Å"I didn’t think I should have to stand up, after I had paid my fare and occupied a seat I didn’t think I should have to give it up† (Levy, 1998). The effort to abolish other forms of segregation, initiated in 1955 when seamstress Rosa Parks refused to relinquish her seat in the white section of a Montgomery bus, continued through the 1960s. The movement was led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , who developed a philosophy of nonviolent activism based on principles of Christian belief and the passive resistance teachings of Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi and American philosopher Henry David Thoreau†(Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Martin Luther King, Jr. as the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement for equal rights for African Americans that took place during the 1950s and 1960s. Martin Luther King first became aware of racial segregation when, at the age of six, a white friend was not allowed to play with him anymore. Throughout his childhood and young adulthood he experienced segregation and racism: he and his family were required to sit in separate places in stores and on buses. King and other black children could not use the same swimming pools or public parks as white children (Martin Luther King Jr. 009). In 1954, Martin Luther King took a job as pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to yield her seat to a white man, the Montgomery civil rights community decided to hold a bus boycott to get rid of the law that black passengers had to sit at the back of the bus and yield seats to white passengers. They also decided to form a new organization and elect a new leader to include all the different people and groups who supported the boycott. King was asked to lead this new organization, the Montgomery Improvement Association, and he agreed (Martin Luther King Jr. 2009). African American had struggled through time fighting for their rights. They had come a long way obtaining the same rights as every other citizen in the United States. African Americans finally can walk freely in the country they had overcome adversity. Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks are only few that had help on the civil right movement and these people had been very important in history to abolish Segregation.

The Role of lawyers in indias freedom struggle

The Role of lawyers in indias freedom struggle THE ROLE OF LAWYERS IN INDIAS FREEDOM STRUGGLE 1885 was a remarkable year in the history of India, a year which would determine the future of India, a new chapter in the freedom struggle started as a mass movement in 1857 by the ‘sepoy mutiny. With the joint efforts of A.O. Hume and W.C. Bonnerjee, the Indian National Congress was established. This brought the Indian intelligentsia into the main stream of the movement for freedom. This gave people a platform to discuss and share their grievances and in turn device a plan of action. This was the first time that Indians realized that violence was not the only means of fighting a battle and in the years to come ahimsa and satyagraha would become the two pillars on which the freedom struggle rests. How different would the history of India be, had the intelligentsia not taken over the freedom struggle. It was a war of independence from the shackles of enslavement of two centuries. It was a war of rights and liberties. It was a war for establishing ones independent identity. It was a war against injustice and inequality; against racialism and cruelty. The war against the British was not a war of arms but a war or strategy and mental strength. Most of all it was a war of ‘words. Who better to fight such a war but the magicians of words, those who have words for tool, just words to earn their livelihood lawyers. The Indian freedom struggle was won by the army of lawyers who used words for ammunition. Mahatma Gandhi was a lawyer so was Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Pt. Nehru was a lawyer and so were Sardar Wallab Bhai Patel and Dr. Rajendra Prasad. The list is never ending. So what was it that drew all these lawyers into the freedom struggle leaving behind a life of comforts and riches? The British valor could not have been matched by the Indians if they were to rebel and violently agitate. For every British man killed 10 Indians had to lay down their lives. India even in another century could not have gathered enough to make an army stronger than the British. The rich were too busy match fixing the future of India with the British and the poor were too poor to put together two square meals forget about a rebellion against the mighty British Empire. This was the time when the educated middle class came to the fore. It was these, educated men and women who decided to fight the empire for they needed to get jobs, they worried for the future of their children and the future of India, they needed to be independent, they were in contact with the west and they were the so called â€Å"enlightened† ones. These constituted lawyers, teachers, doctors, civil servants etc. Their only strength was their education and they decided to play a game of wits and not of weaponry to get Indians their long due freedom. They realized that what India needed was direction, an understanding of rights, unity, a new form of warfare, which was non violent, leaders and focus. Of this intelligentsia lawyers were the ones who led the struggle from the front, the reasons for this were many. First of all they were not government employees unlike the teachers, doctors and civil servants, so there was no obligation to follow directions from the government. Secondly, if lawyers could boycott courts, it would be a directly defying the British government and law and in turn it would directly imply that the rest of the population were not obliged to follow these laws. Thirdly, most of the lawyers had studied in England and they were aware of the English legal system and of the position people had in an independent nation. Also, they knew how to talk their way through to the English. They knew their weaknesses and strengths, and could successfully device a way to play the weaknesses of the British to their advantage. They were aware of the common law system keeping rights and duties on a pedestal and thus they used the cruelty and in humanity of the British in India to gain sympathy and in turn get the British in England to detest their own people and their conduct in India. Besides fighting cases in the law courts for the extremists who would regularly invite prosecution against themselves, most lawyers formed a group of moderate freedom fighters. They knew that India was not ready for immediate freedom and if India was to attain independence instantaneously, if would crumble without a strong center and there was no system and definitely no individual who could hold the country together. Since the lawyers had supreme understanding of the complicated and intricate laws that were being sent to India for the formation of government and for the administration of justice, they were best suited to discuss their implication and to repeal them as well as draw the English lawmakers to a point of making the law as pro Indians as possible. All these lawyers were of the view that an unjust law must be defied and repealed. Most of all, they advocated for social justice, equality and human rights. Soon, law courts became the preferred battlefield for Indians. Even an extremist revolutionary like Bhagat Singh took the help of a trial to send his message across. Infact, he deliberately invited a trial against him by throwing smoke bombs in the legislative assembly and surrendering himself to the police. The purpose that such court trials served was that they gave the freedom fighters an opportunity to come in contact with the media. The media would report the pleadings and comments in the local as well as the newspapers in England, this served a dual purpose the Indians got their leaders messages and the masses got provoked also, a sense of shame, regret and disapproval was spread amongst the British nationals in England. Though it is not preferred to earmark a single leader of the independence struggle but, if this was to be done, the name of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi would top the list. A lawyer by profession studied in England and worked in South Africa. He was the first leader to fight the inhuman practice of apartheid in South Africa. On his return to India, he devised a practical approach. He first decided to tour through India and then come into the movement. This shows the typical trait of a lawyer, first put together the facts and investigation and then take up the case. Or differently put, when I dont know the laws of the land how do I fight a case? Then he took the movement head on. He advocated the disobedience of unjust laws, peaceful demonstrations, boycott of foreign goods and the peaceful picketing of shops selling foreign goods. His ideas eventually found shape in a non-cooperation launched later. His aim was to make the British administration come to a standstill, a point from which they would have to negotiate. He believed that a peaceful struggle was far more productive then a violent one. A peaceful struggle cannot be suppressed easily and is always sustainable in the long run. Mahatma Gandhi was able to take the freedom struggle to the masses and was a major advocate of social justice and unity amongst all sections of the Indian people. Finally talking of the biggest contribution of the British to India we cannot ignore the role played by the lawyer turned freedom fighters. Besides winning independence, these men extracted a lot from the British. Most important being: their administrative policy, their form of governance and their laws. Most of the English laws have formed the basis of our statute books and the parliamentary form of government was also due to the British influence. The Indian Penal Code, one of the most intricate and elaborate penal law books in the world can be considered a gift from the British. Talking of the form of government, the efforts of Nehru committee and Sapru committee on how to accommodate both the Hindu and Muslim representatives in the government posts was an effort worth applauding. Finally, on 15th August 1947, India won independence and at the same time India was divided and Pakistan was born. But, it was not over for the lawyers yet, on either sides. They still had to carry the two divided nations through the poisoning after effects of the partition. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of independent India and across the border M.A Jinnah held the reins of Pakistan in his hands. Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the President of India and Dr. B. R Ambedkar headed the team of constitution makers. The most remarkable contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel at this time in history was undoubtedly his efforts of unifying India as India was divided amongst provinces and princely states. Also, he tried to break the communal barriers that the Indians had created amongst themselves. Besides the political responsibilities carried out by the lawyers, they had to carry out certain legal responsibilities as well. The first and foremost being, framing the constitution of India, followed by ascertaining the structure of the future legal system of the country. Also, partition brought with it many disputes over land, industry and property. These men were to take responsibility and carry out the necessary actions to make it peaceful. To conclude I would like to say that lawyers held an incomparable position in the freedom struggle and they were indispensable. They made a remarkable contribution to the pre independence Indian society the effects of which carried on even after independence. But, it seems to me that the new age lawyers are not as aware or socially responsible as those sixty years ago. We hardly see lawyers now a days who stand up for social causes, who are ready to dedicate their lives to the cause of social justice. The new age lawyers should take a leaf out of the history books and take inspiration from their predecessors and not restrict their ability to contribute. India needs leaders and men with foresight, lawyers who have in the past contributed so richly should continue with the same. As Jawaharlal Nehru said on 15th August, 1947 â€Å"Long years ago, we made a tryst with destiny and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom.† It is the responsibility of the people of India today to keep the dream of Nehru from fading out.